Increment and decrement operators in Java with Examples PDF
Increment and decrement operators in Java with Examples PDF
I cannot create a PDF, but I can provide you with the information on increment and decrement operators in Java.
In Java, there are three types of operator that can be used to manipulate variable values: increment (++), decrement (--), and compound assignment.
Increment Operator
The ++ operator is used to increase the value of a variable by 1. It has two forms:
a++ means first evaluate a, then add 1 to its value, and assign the new value back to a. Postfix form: ++a means add 1 to a, and then evaluate it.
Example:
int x = 5;
System.out.println(x++); // prints 5
System.out.println(x); // prints 6
int y = 10;
System.out.println(++y); // prints 11
System.out.println(y); // prints 11
Decrement Operator
The -- operator is used to decrease the value of a variable by 1. It also has two forms:
a-- means first evaluate a, then subtract 1 from its value, and assign the new value back to a. Postfix form: --a means subtract 1 from a, and then evaluate it.
Example:
int x = 5;
System.out.println(x--); // prints 5
System.out.println(x); // prints 4
int y = 10;
System.out.println(--y); // prints 9
System.out.println(y); // prints 9
Compound Assignment Operators
The compound assignment operators are used to modify a variable and assign the new value back to it in one statement. The most common ones are:
a += b is equivalent to a = a + b a -= b is equivalent to a = a - b a *= b is equivalent to a = a * b a /= b is equivalent to a = a / b
Example:
int x = 5;
x += 2; // equivalent to x = x + 2, so now x is 7
int y = 10;
y -= 3; // equivalent to y = y - 3, so now y is 7
These operators are useful in various situations where you need to modify a variable's value based on its current value.
Binary operator in Java
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The binary operators in Java are the foundation of arithmetic operations. They can be classified into several categories:
+ (Example: int a = 5; int b = 3; int result = a + b;) Subtraction: - (Example: int a = 5; int b = 3; int result = a - b;) Multiplication: * (Example: int a = 5; int b = 3; int result = a * b;) Division: / (Example: int a = 10; int b = 2; double result = a / (double) b;) Modulus: % (Example: int a = 17; int b = 5; int result = a % b;) Relational Operators: Equal to: == (Example: boolean isTrue = a == b;)
!= or <> (Example: boolean isFalse = a != b;) Greater than: > (Example: boolean isGreater = a > b;) Less than: < (Example: boolean isLess = a < b;) Greater than or equal to: >= (Example: boolean isGreaterEqual = a >= b;) Less than or equal to: <= (Example: boolean isLessEqual = a <= b;) Logical Operators: And: && (Example: boolean result = true && false;) Or: || (Example: boolean result = true || false;) Not: ! or ~ (Example: boolean result = !true;) Assignment Operators: Addition assignment: += (Example: int a = 5; a += 3;) Subtraction assignment: -= (Example: int a = 5; a -= 3;) Multiplication assignment: *= (Example: int a = 5; a *= 3;) Division assignment: /= (Example: double a = 10.0; a /= 2.0;) Modulus assignment: %= (Example: int a = 17; a %= 5;)
These binary operators are used to perform various operations on values in Java programming language.
Additional information:
In Java, the binary operator can be combined with other operators to form more complex expressions. For example:
int a = 5;
int b = 3;
System.out.println(a + (b * 2)); // prints 11
This expression uses addition and multiplication operators in combination with parentheses to calculate the result.
Note that Java is case-sensitive, so it's essential to follow the correct capitalization when using binary operators. For example, + for addition and - for subtraction.
