What is the difference between abstraction and encapsulation in java example

What is the difference between abstraction and encapsulation in java example

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What is the difference between abstraction and encapsulation in Java geeksforgeeks?

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In Java, abstraction and encapsulation are two fundamental concepts that are often intertwined but have distinct meanings. Let's dive into the details:

Abstraction:

Abstraction is about showing only the essential features of an object or system while hiding its internal implementation details. In other words, it's a way to present a simplified interface to the outside world, making it easier to understand and interact with.

In Java, abstraction is achieved through abstract classes and interfaces. An abstract class has methods that are declared but not implemented, forcing subclasses to provide their own implementation. Interfaces, on the other hand, are pure abstracts, declaring only method signatures without providing any implementation.

For example, consider a Shape interface with methods like getArea() and getCircumference(). These methods would be implemented differently for various shapes like circles, triangles, or rectangles. The client code using these shapes wouldn't need to know about the internal details of how each shape calculates its area or circumference; it only needs to know that they exist.

Encapsulation:

Encapsulation is about hiding an object's internal state and behavior from the outside world while exposing only necessary information through a controlled interface. In Java, encapsulation is achieved by using classes with private variables (attributes) and public methods (behavior) that manipulate these attributes.

The main goal of encapsulation is to ensure data integrity by controlling access to the internal state of an object. This prevents external interference or misuse of the object's internal workings. Encapsulation also promotes modularity, making it easier to modify or extend an object's behavior without affecting other parts of the program.

To illustrate encapsulation in Java, consider a BankAccount class with private attributes for the account balance and private methods for depositing and withdrawing funds. The public interface would provide methods like getBalance(), deposit(double amount), and withdraw(double amount). Clients could interact with the bank account without knowing the internal implementation details of how the balance is calculated or updated.

Key differences:

While abstraction focuses on hiding internal implementation details, encapsulation concentrates on concealing an object's internal state. Abstraction is more about presenting a simplified interface, whereas encapsulation is about controlling access to an object's internal workings.

In summary:

By combining abstraction and encapsulation, Java developers can create robust, modular, and easy-to-understand software systems that are more maintainable and scalable.