Abstract Factory design pattern in Java

Abstract Factory design pattern in Java

Here is an abstract explanation of the Abstract Factory design pattern in Java:

What is the Abstract Factory Pattern?

The Abstract Factory pattern is a creational design pattern that provides an interface for creating families of related or dependent objects without specifying their concrete classes.

In other words, it allows you to create a factory that can produce different types of objects (products) without knowing their concrete implementation. This factory acts as a mediator between clients and the actual product creation process.

Key Features:

UML Diagram:

Here is a simple UML diagram to illustrate this pattern:

+---------------+
|  AbstractFactory  |
|  + createProductA()  |
|  + createProductB()  |
+---------------+
+---------------+
|  ConcreteFactoryA  |
|  - implements AbstractFactory  |
|  + createProductA() -> ProductA1  |
|  + createProductB() -> ProductB1  |
+---------------+
+---------------+
|  ConcreteFactoryB  |
|  - implements AbstractFactory  |
|  + createProductA() -> ProductA2  |
|  + createProductB() -> ProductB2  |
+---------------+
+---------------+
|  Client            |
|  - uses AbstractFactory  |
|  - gets products from factories  |
+---------------+

Example Code:

Here is a simple example of the Abstract Factory pattern in Java:

// Abstract Factory Interface (AbstractFactory)
public abstract class PizzaAbstractFactory {
public abstract Pizza createPizza(String type);
}
// Concrete Factories (ConcreteFactoryA, ConcreteFactoryB)
public class ChicagoStylePizzaFactory extends PizzaAbstractFactory {
@Override
public Pizza createPizza(String type) {
if (type.equals("cheese")) {
return new ChicagoStyleCheesePizza();
} else if (type.equals("veggie")) {
return new ChicagoStyleVeggiePizza();
}
return null;
}
}
public class NewYorkStylePizzaFactory extends PizzaAbstractFactory {
@Override
public Pizza createPizza(String type) {
if (type.equals("cheese")) {
return new NewYorkStyleCheesePizza();
} else if (type.equals("veggie")) {
return new NewYorkStyleVeggiePizza();
}
return null;
}
}
// Product Families (Pizzas)
public class CheesePizza extends Pizza {
// implementation
}
public class VegggiePizza extends Pizza {
// implementation
}
// Client Code:
public class Pizzeria {
public void orderPizza(PizzaAbstractFactory factory, String type) {
Pizza pizza = factory.createPizza(type);
// do something with the pizza
}
}
// Usage Example:
Pizzeria pizzeria = new Pizzeria();
pizzeria.orderPizza(new ChicagoStylePizzaFactory(), "cheese");  // creates a Chicago-style cheese pizza
pizzeria.orderPizza(new NewYorkStylePizzaFactory(), "veggie");  // creates a New York-style veggie pizza

This example demonstrates how the Abstract Factory pattern allows you to create different types of pizzas (products) without knowing their concrete implementation.

Advantages:

In summary, the Abstract Factory pattern is a powerful tool for creating families of related objects without specifying their concrete classes. It promotes modularity, reusability, and extensibility, while decoupling clients from specific products.

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